Amniotic Band Syndrome occurs when a tear is made in the inner layer of the amniotic sac that holds the baby while in the womb. The tear results in band-like fibrous threads of the sac floating in the amniotic fluid with the baby. These bands can entangle the baby’s body and impair circulation, cause deformities or even amputate parts of the body. In some cases, amniotic banding can result in a miscarriage. It is estimated that 1 in 1200 live births have Amniotic Band Syndrome. This syndrome is not inherited, nor does it cause any type of mental impairment.

The banding most often affects fingers, toes, arms or legs. The child may be born with fingers and toes that are small, missing, or webbed together. The area of banding appears as a deep grove in the flesh as if a tight rubber band has been placed around the appendage, resulting in swelling, decreased circulation and in some cases fingers and toes that are placed higher up on the arm or leg than normal. Swelling of the affected joints is common, and compression dressings may be needed to control edema. Because amniotic bands can impair the movement of the baby in the womb, club foot often occurs as well. Hemangiomas are common occurrences with Amniotic Band Syndrome.